1 2383-4307 29 Special Effects of High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Functions in Patients with Subcortical Stroke Ashrafi Farzad b Rokni Avid c Asaadi Sina d Pakdaman Hosein e Yourdkhani Fatemeh f b Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran c Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran d Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Sina.asadi90@yahoo.com e Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran f Neurologist, Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Karaj, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 1 6 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: Motor function impairment occurs in approximately two-thirds of patients with subcortical stroke. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive technique for modulating cortical excitability. Objectives: The present study was designed for assessing the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS (5 Hz) on ipsilesional primary motor cortex in patients with subcortical stroke. Materials and Methods: Thirty participants who had subcortical stroke in the previous four weeks to four months were enrolled in this randomized double blinded clinical trial. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups and their motor ability of both upper and lower extremities were assessed using Fugl-Meyer assessment of motor recovery after stroke (FMA) before and after intervention. The study intervention rTMS (5 Hz) was administered in six 10-minute sessions on the ipsilesional primary motor cortex in the experimental group and on the vertex in the control group. Results: Mean change in FMA score after rTMS sessions was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p = 0.00). Mean time interval between the stroke and rTMS intervention had a weak and insignificant (ρ = 0.097 p = 0.61) correlation with changes of FMA score. Conclusions: High-frequency (5 Hz) rTMS effectively improved motor function in patients with subcortical stroke.
30 Special Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Prevalence in Meniere’s Disease: Is Meniere's Disease a Predisposing Factor? Motasaddi-Zarandi Masoud g Nemati Shadman h Panahi Rasoul i Akbari Maryam j g Otolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran h Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; drshadmannemati_ent@yahoo.com i Shahid Beheshty University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran j Otorhinolaryngology- Head & Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 7 11 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: Meniere’s disease (MD) is a chronic illness defined as an idiopathic syndrome of endolymphatic hydrops. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a balance disorder and can be the sequel of diverse inner ear impairments. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of BPPV in MD patients. Materials and Methods: All patients with definite or probable MD participated in this cross-sectional descriptive and analytic study between March 2013 and February 2014. We used the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) criteria plus electrocochleography (ECochG) test results to define the presence of MD and positional tests to determine the presence of BPPV. The frequency was reported. Independent sample t-test was also used in SPSS19. Results: A total of 39 patients (43 ears) with definite or probable MD (26 female, 13 male mean age: 46.4 ± 9.2 years) were enrolled in this study. Six out of 39 cases (15.4%) had BPPV in the posterior semicircular canal. The mean duration of MD was 28.5 months in BPPV group and 13.2 months in the non-BPPV group. Regardless of the age of the patients, there was a significant difference (p = 0.02) between the duration of MD in the two groups. Conclusions: It seems that MD and BPPV are related and a longer duration of MD may result in a greater risk of developing BPPV. 31 Special BDNF Pretreatment Attenuates Morphine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Rats Babaei Parvin k Vahdati Sanaz l Soltani-Tehrani Bahram m k Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; p_babaei@gums.ac.ir l Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran m Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 12 18 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: It has been known that Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is involved in neural survival and long term memory (LTM). Here we hypothesized that BDNF as a potent neurotrophic factor might modulate amnestic effect induced by morphine. Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether infusion of exogenous BDNF in the CA1 regions of the dorsal hippocampi could ameliorate memory impairment induced by morphine. Materials and Methods: Forty rats were divided into 5 groups for dose response study of morphine (2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 mg/kg morphine, and saline, intraperitoneal) on memory retention. For second part of the experiment 24 animals were divided into three groups: (morphine +BDNF, morphine + saline and saline + saline). Two weeks after stereotaxic surgery, animals received 0.5 μl bilateral infusion of either saline or BDNF (5 µg/rat) intrahippocampally, 30 minutes before morphine treatment (7.5 mg/kg, i.p.). Step-through inhibitory avoidance task has been used to examine retrieval of memory formation, 1.5 and 24 h after the training. Results: The results showed that systemic administration of 7.5 and 10 mg/kg morphine compared with saline immediately after the training impairs long-term retention of memory for passive avoidance task in rats tested 24 hours later (p < 0.01). Surprisingly intra-CA1 microinjection of BDNF 30 minutes prior to injection of morphine significantly prevented amnesia (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings suggested that increase the level of BDNF in the CA1 region of the hippocampus during 30 minutes time window before morphine administration might modulate morphine-induced amnesia. 32 Special Central Nervous System Tumors in Guilan, Iran: Epidemiological Features Over 10 Years Askari Kourosh n Janeshin Sara o Mashouf Mehryar p Taherzadeh-Amlashi Maryam Seyed-Saadat Seyed-Mohammad n Pathology Department of Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran o Student Research Committee, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; sarastar20@yahoo.com p Department of Neurosurgery, Arya Hospital, Rasht, Iran Specialist in internal medicine, Rasht, Iran General physician, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 19 26 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with different prevalence in different sex and age groups and various parts of CNS. Objectives: Determining the relative frequency of different types of CNS tumors in different ages, sex and CNS anatomical locations. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed using pathological reports of CNS tumors from patients in three main referral neurosurgical hospitals in Guilan, Iran from 1999 to 2009, which provided the following demographical data: patient age at the time of hospital admission, gender, histological diagnosis and the anatomical location of tumors. Results: From a total of 365 cases, 292 were brain tumors (80%) and the remaining 20% were diagnosed as spinal tumors. There were 27 different types of CNS tumors in the present study, with astrocytomas (28.5%) and meningiomas (27.1%) being the most common types among brain tumors and schwannomas (35.1%) being the most common among spinal cord tumors. Frontal lobe (17.5%) was the most common anatomical location for brain tumors, and thoracic region was the most common region affected by spinal cord tumors (41.1%). Metastatic or secondary tumors accounted for 3.8% of the CNS tumors in our study. Contrary to most other studies, the frequency of CNS tumors was higher in females than males and was most frequent in the 5th decade of life. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the high frequency of CNS tumors with astrocytic origin. The most common tumor was astrocytoma, with meningioma being the second most prominent one. 33 Special Effect of Hydroethanolic Extract of Rubus fruticosus on Neuropathic Pain in Wistar Diabetic Rats Gomar Ali Hosseini Abdolkarim Mirazi Naser Gomar Mojtaba Department of Biology, Science & Research Institute, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ; gomar.ucla@yahoo.com Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran Student of Surgical technology, Faculty of Para medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 27 34 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder with many complications such as neuropathic pain which relief from it is a dilemma. Objectives: To investigate the effect of hydroethanolic extract of Rubus fruticosus on neuropathic pain in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental case –control study, forty eight male Wistar rats (250±20 g) were divided randomly to non-diabetic and diabetic groups. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg, intra-peritoneal) was used to induce experimental diabetes. Each group was divided into three groups: receiving orally normal saline, 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of Rubus fruticosus extract for 30 days. At the end the rats were subjected to Tail-Flick test. The data were analyzed by one-way and two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test in SPSS 21. Results: In a paired comparison, all diabetic groups had shorter latency of tail-flicking time (p < 0.01) and lower pain tolerance threshold. Also among diabetic rats, significant differences existed between saline group and group receiving the extract at a dose of 100 mg/Kg (p < 0.01), between saline group and the group receiving the extract at a dose of 200 mg/Kg (p < 0.001) and also between the groups receiving extract at two different doses (p < 0.001). But, only diabetic group receiving the extract at a dose of 200 mg/Kg showed positive significant difference with non-diabetic control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The hydroethanolic extract of Rubus fruticosus can heighten the pain tolerance threshold and reduce the neuropathic pain induced by diabetes mellitus. 34 Special The Serum Level of Estrogen and Progesterone and Their Ratio in Patients with Ischemic Stroke: A Comparative Study Saberi Alia Javadpoor Milad Farahmand Nastaran Kazem-Nezhad Ehsan Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; milad.javadpoor@yahoo.com Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Nursery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 35 42 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: The role of estrogen and progesterone in stroke is suggested in previous studies, but yet is controversial. Objectives: Comparing the plasma levels of estrogen and progesterone and their ratio in ischemic stroke patients and healthy population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted from March to September of 2013. Sixty-six female patients older than 60 years with ischemic stroke who referred within the first 12 hour of their neurologic symptoms were included. A total of 48 women who were in the same age range comprised the control group. The serum levels of progesterone and 17-β-estradiol concentrations were measured. The data were analysed by Chi2 test, univariate and logistic regression models in SPSS software 19. Results: There was no significant difference between case and control groups in serum levels of estrogen (28.66 ± 13.60 vs. 35.72 ± 28.36) and progesterone (1.07 ± 0.83 vs. 1.40 ± 1.87) and their ratio (p > 0.05). But in multivariate analysis, estrogen (p = 0.033), progesterone (p = 0.02) and the interaction between them (p = 0.013) remained as associated factors. In addition, the higher ratio of estrogen to progesterone indicates the less ability of patients, which one unit increase in this ratio results in 0.072 reduction in NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) score. Conclusions: The level of estrogen and progesterone and interaction between them are associated with ischemic stroke. The ratio of estrogen to progesterone has reverse association with score of the ability of patient according to NIHSS. 35 Special Subjective Neurological Symptoms Among Mobile Phone Users Bidabadi Elham Mallah-Saeed Mojgan Pasandideh Marya Pediatric Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; bidabadi@mail.com General Practitioner, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran General Practitioner, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 43 48 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Background: A lot of investigations exist on the biological effects of radiofrequency and microwave radiation however only a few studies have considered non-carcinogenic exposure to radiations specifically from mobile phones. Objectives: To introduce some subjective neurological symptoms in mobile phone users. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study conducted from March to August 2012 an eight-item questionnaire was administered to one thousand individuals. The questionnaire included the items concerning current status of mobile phone use, the participants' demographic and occupational data and characteristics of their complaints. Data analysis was done using the Chi-square test and unpaired two-sided t-test in SPSS software version 19. Results: A total of 731 participants with mean age of 36.52 ± 10.97 years accepted to contribute in the study. The mean duration of mobile phone use was 21.39 ± 16.87 months, and the mean daily duration of use was 42.18 ± 7.15 minutes. Two hundreds and thirteen participants (29.4%) had some complaints. Headache (9.4%), fatigue (6.4%), and scalp warmness (5.3%) were the most frequent complaints. The symptoms were more frequent among men. The number and percent of symptomatic patients increased with increasing daily using time, but not with change of overall duration of mobile usage. Conclusions: Headache, fatigue, and scalp warmness were reported as the most frequent complaints among mobile phone users. The prevalence of symptoms was related to daily using time, but not to overall duration of mobile usage. 36 Special Posttraumatic Cerebellar Infarction in a 2-year-old Child Behzadnia Hamid Emamhadi Mohammad-Reza Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh Alijani Babak Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran ; imamhady@yahoo.com Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran 1 3 2015 1 1 49 54 21 03 2015 21 03 2015 Posttraumatic cerebral infarction is a rare complication and is an indicator of poor clinical outcome of head-trauma in spite of appropriate medical and surgical interventions. Cerebellar infarction following head trauma is also very rare and only a few reported cases are available in literatures. A 2-year-old child sustained head injury in a car accident and underwent surgery because of cerebral contusions and acute subdural hematoma. Cerebellar infarction was revealed in control imaging and she died on the third day after surgery.