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jalali
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2022
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Safety and Efficacy of Memantine in Improving Cognitive Function of Patients with Epilepsy
Background: The prevalence of cognitive impairment among patients with epilepsy is about 70%.
There is still no approved medication for the treatment of this problem.
Objectives: The present study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of memantine in improving the
cognitive function of patients with epilepsy.
Materials & Methods: This is a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallelgroup
clinical trial, conducted in a hospital in Tehran, Iran during 2018-2019. Participants were
randomly allocated to receive memantine (5 mg/day in the first eight weeks and 10 mg/day in
the second eight weeks) or placebo in a 1:1 ratio. Participants underwent the Mini-mental State
Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Frontal Assessment Battery
(FAB) before and after the intervention. The primary and secondary measures were safety and
change in the cognitive test scores, respectively.
Results: Out of 53 allocated participants, 33 completed the study. Drug intolerance including
headache, somnolence, and dizziness was not significantly different between the two groups. The
Intention-to-Treat analyses demonstrated no significant change in MoCA and FAB scores between
the two groups after the intervention, but a significant improvement in the MMSE score of the
memantine group (P=0.047) was observed. After controlling confounding factors, there was no
significant difference in scores of any cognitive tests between the two groups.
Conclusion: Memantine is a safe drug for patients with epilepsy, but it may not exert a beneficial
effect on the cognitive function of these patients.
Memantine, Epilepsy, Cognition disorders, Seizures
197
205
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-173&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/28
1401/7/6
Pargol
Balali
Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0002-5895-577X
Yes
Seyedeh Sajedeh
Marashi
Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0001-5416-5554
No
Elmira
Agah
Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0001-8541-8075
No
Mahdi
Shafiee Sabet
Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0003-4476-0741
No
Nasrin
Rahimian
Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0002-6839-2456
No
Sajad
Shafiee
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran
0000-0003-3501-1757
No
Abbas
Tafakhori
Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
0000-0002-9835-0812
No
en
Effect of Sulpiride on Dopaminergic Synapse of Dorsal Hippocampus of Morphine-Treated Rats
Background: As previous studies show, several effects of morphine are induced by the dopaminergic
system. Sulpiride is a dopamine D2 receptor (DAD2) antagonist widely used in clinics to treat DArelated
disorders. DAD2 receptors are abundant at hippocampal cornu ammonis (CA1).
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the possible interaction of morphine and sulpiride on
DA synapses in CA1.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 48 Wistar rats weighing 220 to 250 g were used. These animals
were classified into eight groups (6 rats per group): saline control group (1 ml/kg), morphine
group (5 mg/kg), sulpiride groups alone (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg) and sulpiride groups (1, 2, and 4 mg/
kg)+morphine (5 mg/kg). Saline or substances were injected once intraperitoneally. After 48 h, the
animals’ brains were removed under anesthesia and placed in 10% formalin for fixation. Then, 3- to
4-μm slices were cut from these tissues, and the DA synapse was examined by histochemistry and
immunohistochemistry techniques. The data were statistically analyzed by the analysis of variance.
Results: The control group had DA synapses and healthy neurons. A relative increase in DA
synapses compared to the control group was observed in the morphine and single sulpiride groups.
However, in sulpiride+morphine groups, DA synapses were reduced compared to morphine or
sulpiride alone, but neurons were not destroyed.
Conclusion: The interaction effect of sulpiride and morphine in the CA1 region may decrease DA
synapses.
Morphine, CA1 region, Hippocampus, Sulpiride, Dopamine, Synapses
206
212
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-174&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/14
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2022/09/282022/09/28
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Marziyeh-Sadat
Hashemi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
0000-0002-0223-1975
Yes
Manizheh
Karami
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
0000-0003-0353-7359
No
Mahdiyeh
Jafarpour Fard
Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
0000-0001-7897-7901
No
en
Intraoperative Awareness During Cesarean Delivery Under General Anesthesia
Background: General anesthesia (GA) for caesarean section (CS) has distinctive characteristics that may increase
the risk of awareness during GA (AGA).
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of unintended awareness during GA (AGA)
in CS.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed in Alzahra Hospital
in Rasht City, Iran. Eligible women with term pregnancy candidates for CS under GA were
enrolled in this survey from May 2018 to August 2021. After delivery, a questionnaire including
demographic data and questions related to different stages of anesthesia was completed via a faceto-
face interview. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measurement, the Chi-square,
Fisher exact, and t-test in SPSS v. 21.
Results: The data from 174 women were analyzed, and 12 (6.9%) experienced AGA. Among them,
dreaming and feeling the manipulation of the surgical area (27.8%) were the most common reported
awareness states. Body mass index had a significant (P=0.034) relationship with AGA, but age
(P=0.843), the level of education (P=0.714), history of anesthesia (P=0.552), 5-minute Apgar score
(P=0.49), and surgery time (P=0.686) had no significant relationship with AGA.
Conclusion: The incidence of AGA during CS was almost close to the high limit established by
the credible evidence, and a significant number of the women were not in completely acceptable
conditions. Therefore, the management of GA for CS should be revised in this academic hospital.
Intraoperative awareness, General anesthesia, Cesarean section
213
221
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-177&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Mandana
Mansour Ghanaie
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0001-6165-7071
Yes
Fatemeh
Hosseinzadeh
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-8871-4483
No
Soheil
Soltanipour
Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0001-7768-1121
No
Zahra
Rafiei Sorouri
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0003-2286-6983
No
Zahra
Hamidi Madani
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital,Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0003-0160-5805
No
Gelareh
Biazar
Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-4571-6059
No
Haniye
Dalir
Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0001-8102-7093
No
Mahin
Tayefeh Ashrafiyeh
Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
0000-0002-0706-6681
No
en
Cognitive Evolution of the “Human” Concept and Its Adaptation to Piaget’s Theory
Background: Cognitions and attitudes, especially anthropological attitudes, are influential in human behavior. Objectives: The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive evolution of the human concept in elementary school female students and its adaptation to Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.
Materials & Methods: The present research method is qualitative of deductive-inductive type. Participants were first (n=12), second (n=13), and third-grade (n=12) elementary female students selected through the available sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with them to the point of theoretical saturation. Consistent with the research method, the findings were analyzed by theme analysis.
Results: The findings showed that regarding human nature, students of all three grades have concrete thinking. Regarding the distinction between humans and animals, first and second grade students have concrete thinking, and third-grade students have concrete-abstract thinking. Regarding the purpose of life, students of all three grades have concrete thinking. Regarding the end of life, students of all three grades have abstract thinking. Regarding the beginning of human life, first-grade students have abstract thinking, and second- and third-grade students have concreteabstract thinking. Conclusion: Research findings consistent with some studies have shown that students can achieve abstract cognitive growth at younger ages than what Piaget stated, which can be a function of cultural, religious, and social factors
Cognition, Humans, Psychological Theory
222
233
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-175&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
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2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Amir
Qorbanpoor Lafmejani
Department of Educational Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
0000-0001-5291-2253
Yes
en
Physicians’ Skills in Breaking Bad News to Patients With Cancer Using SPIKES Protocol
Background: Breaking bad news is an unpleasant task for physicians, especially for patients with cancer.
In this regard, the SPIKES protocol, which is prevalent in several countries, has not been discussed in Iran.
Objectives: This study evaluated how the SPIKES protocol was followed by physicians.
Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Guilan academic
hospitals from December 2021 to April 2022. Patients with cancer participated in the survey who were
referred to the oncology academic centers for follow-ups or radiotherapy and chemotherapy. They were
over 18 years old with the ability of proper communication. The SPIKES questionnaire consists of 12
questions with 6 subscales (settings, invitation, perception, knowledge, emotion, and strategy). It was
filled out through a direct interview.
Results: The data from 280 patients were analyzed. Everyone stated that at the time of receiving the
diagnosis, the doctor was not in a hurry and made appropriate eye contact. About 61.1% believed they
were emotionally supported, and 65.4% were satisfied with their final knowledge about the disease and
treatment planning. Patients with older ages and lower levels of education were significantly more likely
to state that physicians’ language was not comprehensive; physicians did not understand them, and the
patients were not emotionally supported (P=0.0001).
Conclusion: This study showed that more attention should be paid to older patients with lower levels of
education. They needed more time for conversation and simpler dialect. Some areas, such as “invitation”
are required to be improved.
Communication, Psycho-oncology, Physicians, Cancer
234
243
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-176&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Bahram
Naderi Nabi
Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-1727-2446
Yes
Zahra
Rafiei Sorouri
Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0003-2286-6983
No
Ali
Pourramzani
Cognitive and Addiction Research Center (Kavosh), Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-1399-1670
No
Seyyed Hossein
Mirpour
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-4155-3061
No
Gelareh
Biazar
Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-4571-6059
No
Zahra
Atrkarroushan
Department of Statistic, Faculty of Health, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0001-8687-1242
No
Morteza
Mortazavi
Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
No
Mohadese
Ahmadi
Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-6140-7520
No
en
Computational Pattern Separation Models of Dentate Gyrus Neural Subpopulation in the Hippocampus
Hippocampus is a part of the brain that has an essential role in memory and learning. It is involved
in many cognitive and behavioral phenomena, including the pattern separation process: the ability
to distinguish patterns with very high similarity. The present study compared the models of pattern
separation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and aimed to investigate the significant cells
and factors affecting pattern separation. In this review, we intend to describe the anatomy of the
dentate gyrus as a part of the hippocampus, which has an essential role in pattern separation. Other
adjacent neural populations are further addressed, too. Models of the dentate gyrus, including
neurocomputation and functional, that represent the process of separating patterns in the dentate
gyrus are reviewed and analyzed. In this regard, five major models were highlighted and compared
from several perspectives. While some models are based on the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus
regions, others point to the mediation of cornu ammonis (CA3) as well. Models with the lowest
cells for pattern separation are addressed first. Finally, inhibition is discussed in the comparison of
pattern separation models.
Hippocampus, Learning, Memory, Interneurons, Spatial memory
244
251
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-178&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Nazal
Modhej
Department of Computer Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
0000-0001-9744-1379
Yes
Azam
Bastanfard
Department of Computer Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
0000-0002-7935-819X
No
Mohammad
Teshnehlab
Department of Control and System, Electrical and Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
0000-0003-2498-9653
No
Somayeh
Raiesdana
Department of Biomedical engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
0000-0001-9957-4079
No
en
Mortality Rate of Acute Stroke in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: There is limited data about the short-term stroke mortality rates for patients in treatment
settings.
Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the short-term stroke (in hospital, one month, one year)
mortality rates in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Materials & Methods: We searched electronic databases, including three national (IranDoc, Megiran,
SID) and four international (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar), from January 1990
to March 2020. We considered all observational studies on stroke mortality, such as cohort and crosssectional
studies. Furthermore, the sub-group analyses were performed based on each province and metaregression
analysis based on the study’s year and patients’ mean age.
Results: Among 143 studies, 28 were eligible (11 cohort and 17 cross-sectional studies). Based on
the random model, the mortality rates for in-hospital, 1-month, and 1-year mortality were reported as
18.71% (95% CI: 15.09%-22.34%), 23.43% (95% CI: 20.08%-26.78%), and 34.44% (95% CI: 32.02%-
36.85%), respectively. The results also revealed that mortality rates were neither related to the year studies
conducted nor to the patient’s age.
Conclusion: Approximately one-fifth of stroke patients in Iran die in the hospital after admission. The
mortality rate increased in the one-month and one-year period, and about one-third of the patients died
in the first year. Therefore, it is cardinal to focus on programs and solutions in which we can ameliorate
mortality in the short-term period after stroke by performing primary specific treatments on patients.
Stroke, Mortality, Systematic review, Meta-analysis, Iran
252
267
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-179&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Hossein-Ali
Nikbakht
Social Determinants of Health Research Center of Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
0000-0002-8556-431X
Yes
Layla
Shojaie
Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, United States
0000-0002-5020-5181
No
Nasim
Niknejad
Department of Population and Public Health, School of Population and Public Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
0000-0002-4007-6160
No
Soheil
Hassanipour
Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Heshmat Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-6661-4908
No
Hassan
Soleimanpour
Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
0000-0002-1311-4096
No
Sohrab
Heidari
Nursing School of Miyandoab, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
0000-0002-6403-802X
No
Sima
Afrashteh
Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
0000-0002-4276-2084
No
Ehsan
Sarbazi
Student Research Committee, Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
0000-0001-8190-9942
No
Saber
Ghaffari-fam
Nursing School of Miyandoab, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
0000-0002-8785-5452
No
en
Traumatic Supratrochlear Artery Pseudoaneurysm With Spontaneous Resolution
Background: Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the supratrochlear artery is a rare lesion. It manifests,
as a painless mass, in the frontal region following trauma. The unusual incidence and confusing
presentation require the clinicians to thoroughly understand its presentation and diagnosis.
Diagnosis is typically made on history and physical examination, but it can be confirmed by
duplex ultrasound. Definitive treatment is surgical resection of the aneurysm after proximal and
distal ligation of the vessel. However, in some cases, follow-up is recommended because there is a
possibility of spontaneous relapse.
Case Presentation: We present a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the supratrochlear artery,
which developed a few weeks after blunt trauma to the forehead. The radiologist reported a
pseudoaneurysm originating with a narrow stalk of the supratrochlear artery. In the patient’s followup
after three months, the patient’s mass became very small, and in the follow-up after five months,
the mass completely disappeared.
Conclusion: Pulsatile and or soft-tissue masses that are continuous with an artery with a history
of trauma should be considered pseudoaneurysm. Color Doppler sonography is a convenient and
noninvasive modality in diagnosis. If the pseudoaneurysm of the supratrochlear artery is small and
contains thrombosis, waiting and seeing might be an effective option.
Aneurysm, Arteries, Surgery, Trauma
268
271
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-32-180&slc_lang=en&sid=1
2022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/142022/09/14
1401/6/23
2022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/282022/09/28
1401/7/6
Maliheh
Akbarpour
Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Amiralmomenin Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-1352-9814
Yes
Sahar
Yousefnejad
Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
0000-0002-0877-791x
No