@article{ author = {Ostadhadi, Sattar and Jahanabadi, Samaneh and Javadi, Shiva and Saadaei, Hnaneh and Zolfaghari, Samira and Dehpour, Ahmad-Rez}, title = {The Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Antidepressant-Like Effect of Metformin after Bile-Duct Ligation in NMRI Mice}, abstract ={Background: In some disorders such as diabetes mellitus patients can display depressive symptoms. Metformin is among the first-line treatments for management of the type 2 diabetes mellitus which may have some anti-depressant effect. Objective: Current investigation was performed to examine the anti-depressant effects of metformin and the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in this way, in an experimental animal model of cholestasis in NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) mice. Materials and Methods: Bile duct ligated (BDL) and sham-operated mice were forced to swim separately and the effect of metformin on immobility time in the last 4 minutes of the 6 minutes test was assessed. To evaluate the probable participation of NO, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) a non-specific NO synthase inhibitor and aminoguanidine, a specific iNO synthase inhibitor were injected acutely to metformin-treated BDL mice and then their immobility time was calculated in forced swimming test (FST). Results: The immobility time significantly reduced after bile-duct ligation and metformin-treatment decreased this time additionally. L-NAME but not amino-guanidine administration significantly inhibited antidepressant like property of metformin in BDL mice. We have displayed that NO overproduction by metformin in cholestatic mice produce an anti-depressant like effect, causing a decrease in the mice immobility time in FST. Conclusion: Metformin pretreatment can decrease depression in cholestatic mice through an NO dependent pathway.}, Keywords = {Metformin, Nitric Oxide, Cholestasis, Antidepressive Agents, Mice}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.1}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Bakhshayesh-Eghbali, Babak and Hajinnori, Mohadese and Seyed-Saadat, Seyed-Mohammad and Seyed-Saadat, Seyed-Nazanin and Kazemnezhad-Leili, Ehsan and Rouhi-Rad, Meli}, title = {Comparing the Effect of Memantine and Placebo on Clinical Outcome of Intracranial Hemorrhage: A Randomized Double Blind Clinical Trial}, abstract ={Background: Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) is a stroke type which resulted in disability. Memantine have been supposed to have the effect on the functional status in patients with ICH. Objectives: Comparing the effect of memantine with placebo on the clinical outcome of ICH. Materials and Methods: This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in an academic hospital in northern Iran on patients with ICH allocated in memantine and placebo group through the random block method. The patients’ neurological status was assessed on admission, the seventh day, upon discharge and ultimately three months after the ICH onset, according to the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index (BI) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). The data analysis was done by using independent t-test, Chi-square and repeated measure tests in SPSS software version 21. Results: A total of 64 patients have been allocated into two equal size groups with no significant differences in terms of age or gender (p>0.05). The mean increase in the BI and the decrease in the mRS were significantly greater in the memantine group compared with the placebo group as measured from admission time until three months following the ICH onset (p=0.001 and p=0.049, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the two groups in mortality rate (p=0.492) and the means and changes of the GCS (p=0.331) and the NIHSS score (p=0.211). Conclusion: Early administration of memantine to ICH patients can result in significant improvement of long-term motor function and functional independence.}, Keywords = {Memantine, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, Treatment Outcome}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {11-18}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.11}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Shabani, Arash and Faeghi, Fariborz and Rostamzadeh, Ayoob and Jalal-Shokouhi, Jalal}, title = {The Utility of Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Detection of the Origin of the Brain Solid Metastatic Tumors}, abstract ={Background: Early diagnosis of brain tumors has significant effect on the treatment process. Brain metastatic tumors are usually diagnosed following the neurological symptoms in patients or incidentally after Computerized Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) requests of the brain. Objectives: Implementation of a new method for being informed about the origin of brain tumors by using MRI before surgery. Materials and Methods: In this study, 25 patients with brain metastatic tumors were randomly selected and imaged with T2Weighted multi echo sequences and GRE EPI (DWI) in addition to taking routine sequence of brain. Software output such as variables including signal intensity, Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value. In order to analyze the data and correlations between variables in this study, statistical t-test method and Graph pad prism software: version 5.4 has been used. p<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Significant difference between ADC values at the center of metastatic tumors with different origin was found. ADC value of 0.5613±0.02580 (×10−3 mm/s) indicates brain metastatic tumors with lung origin, ADC value of 1.009±0.03820 (×10−3 mm/s) tumors with liver and breast origin, and ADC value of 1.556±0.03500 (×10−3 mm/s) tumors with colon and prostate origin. Conclusion: According to our results, DWI MRI as an imaging biomarker can determine the origin of the brain metastatic tumors, so that we can help patients and physicians in terms of time, financial and choice of the best treatment method.}, Keywords = {Brain, Magnetic Resonance Imaging}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {19-26}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.19}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Farzadfard, Mohammad-Taghi and Foroughipour, Mohsen and Yazdani, Siamak and Ghabeli-Juibary, Ali and Rezaeitalab, Fariborz}, title = {Cerebral Venous-Sinus Thrombosis: Risk Factors, Clinical Report, and Outcome. A Prospective Study in the North East of Iran}, abstract ={Introduction: Cerebral venous-sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a life threatening condition that needs rapid diagnosis and treatment. It appears comparatively more common in Middle East and South Asia. Objectives: To determine the demographic, clinical patterns, etiologies and prognostic factors of CVST in the North East of Iran. Materials and Methods: All adult patients admitted with a documented diagnosis of CVST from January 2011 to March 2012 in an academic hospital in the North East of Iran, entered this prospective descriptive study. The patients' demographic characteristics, clinical presentations, laboratory and brain imaging findings, treatment options were also studied. Follow-up visits were performed at month 1, 6, and then at month 12 using modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Findings were analyzed using descriptive tests and Chi square test in SPSS software version 21. Results: Sixty patients (13.3% men, 86.7% women) with mean age of 38.11±11.30 years were identified. Fifty one cases (85%) had a clinical picture of increased intracranial pressure. Causes included positive antiphospholipid antibodies in 3.3%, protein C, S and anti thrombin III deficiency in 5%, 1.7% and 3.3%, polycythemia in 1.7%, infections in 1.7%, postpartum in 9.6% of women, and using Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) in 65.38%. We found 10% mortality rate on discharge and 11.9% within 30 days and 42.7% rate of death or dependency at month 12. Conclusion: The findings of the study indicate that the use of OCPs was a main factor associated with CVST especially in association with inherited hypercoagulable state.}, Keywords = {Cerebral Veins, Thrombosis, Contraceptives Agents, Stroke}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {27-32}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.27}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Homam, Mehran and Farajpour, Arezou and Aghaee-Hakak, Mohsen and Hatamian, Hamidreza and Khalil-Pour, Atous}, title = {Determination the Proportion of Refractory Epilepsy and Some Associated Factors in Epileptic Patients in the North East of Iran}, abstract ={Background: Epilepsy is the second common neurologic disorder. Although many antiepileptic drugs have been formulated to control the seizures, but not all seizures have been controlled by them. Uncontrolled epilepsy can actually reduce the patients’ quality of life. Objectives: Identifying the proportion of adult intractable epilepsy among epileptic patients in an area in the North East of Iran Materials and Methods: All epileptic patients who admitted to neurology clinic of a teaching hospital associated with Islamic Azad University of Mashhad in 2014 that were eligible for inclusion criteria enrolled this cross-sectional study. After fulfilling the informed consent, interview, examination and EEG were done. The data was expressed and analyzed by using Mean±Standard deviation and the Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square test in SPSS software version 22. Significance level was considered as less than 0.05%. Results: From 171 patients, 59 patients with epilepsy (34.5%) met the criteria for intractable epilepsy (37.5% male, 31.3% female) with mean age of 28.2±8.5 years. The mean duration of disease was 14.5±8.4 and 11±8.8 years in patients with refractory epilepsy and controlled epilepsy respectively (t-test=2.5 and p=0.013). The seizure frequency was significantly higher in pharmacoresistant patients than pharmacoresponsive ones (7.15±8.4 vs. 0.29±7 per month p=0.0001). Also taking Carbamazepin and Clobazam and Primidone were associated with intractable epilepsy (p<0.05). Conclusions: Our results accounted that about one-third of patients with epilepsy are categorized in refractory epilepsy with higher duration of disease.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Prevalence }, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {33-40}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.33}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Ashjazadeh, Nahid and Jowkar, Hakimeh}, title = {The Prevalence of Migraine and Tension Type Headaches among Epileptic Patients}, abstract ={Background: Headache and epilepsy are two common chronic and recurrent disorders. Headache may be a premonitory or postdromic symptom of epileptic seizures. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of migraine and tension type headache in epileptic patients. Materials and Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 100 patients with epilepsy who referred to the neurology clinics, affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, in Southern Iran were enrolled this study since April to October 2013. Patients' demographic data and clinical characteristics of epilepsy and headache and temporal relationships between them were assessed. Mean±standard deviation for non-quantitative data and Chi square test for quantitative data were used in SPSS software version 18. p<0.05 was considered as the level of significance. Results: Fifty-four patients (54%) have reported headache (15% migraine and 39% tension). The frequency of migraine, was higher in women than men (p=0.03). The patients with generalized epilepsy experienced more headaches than the patients with localization-related (focal) epilepsy (p=0.001). There was no statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of headache in the patients with controlled and uncontrolled epilepsies (p=0.45). Overall assessment showed that interictal headaches were more prevalent (42.53%), and post-ictal headaches were more prominent than the preictal ones (31.48% vs. 25.92%). Conclusion: In this study, headache was common in the epileptic patients. Consideration of these two common co-morbidities can be resulted in an appropriate drug selection for both epilepsy and headache.}, Keywords = {Epilepsy, Headache, Comorbidity }, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {41-46}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.41}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-66-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} } @article{ author = {Nikkhah, Karim and Ghabeli-Juibary, Ali and Zamanian, Shadi}, title = {White Matter Diseases YES, Multiple Sclerosis NO, Sjogren - Larsson Syndrome: Another Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome (SLS) is an inherited autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder with congenital ichthyosis, spastic diplegia or quadriplegia and mental retardation. We report a case of Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome with clinical profile (mental retardation, ichthyosis, spastic diplegia) and MRI findings such as seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). So this rare syndrome can be another differential diagnosis of MS.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome}, volume = {1}, Number = {3}, pages = {47-51}, publisher = {}, doi = {10.18869/acadpub.cjns.1.3.47}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-67-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2015} }