@article{ author = {Alsahebfosoul, Fereshteh and Rahimpourkoldeh, Shokofeh and Eskandari, Nahid and Shaygannejad, Vahid and GanjalikhaniHakemi, Mazdak and Dabiri, Arezo and Jafarnia, Morteza and Mirmossayeb, Omi}, title = {Gene Expression of CD226 and Its Serum Levels in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis}, abstract ={Background: Recent studies have found some genetic variants as a risk factor for autoimmune diseases such as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Cluster of Differentiation 226 (CD226) is one of the risk factors for MS.  Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the gene expression of CD226, and its protein serum level in peripheral blood samples of MS patients and healthy individuals. Materials & Methods: Thirty individuals with MS and 30 healthy individuals, as controls, referred to Kashani Hospital of Isfahan, Iran. CD226 expression at the transcript level and serum protein levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Statistical analyses were performed by Shapiro-Wilk test and nonparametric tests in SPSS.  Results: The present study showed no significant differences in the gene expression of CD226 (P=0.341). The mean serum protein level of CD226 was not different between the patients and the controls (P=0.978). Conclusion: Overall, CD226 expression has no diagnostic usefulness in MS at either the transcript or serum level.  Keywords: Multiple Sclerosis, Demyelinating diseases, Gene expression, Cluster of Differentiation 226 (CD226) antigen}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Demyelinating Diseases, Gene expression, CD226 antigen}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {91-97}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.91}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-233-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {MehvariHabibabadwi, Jafar and Zare, Mohamad and Tabrizi, Nasim}, title = {Sleep-Related Seizures in Refractory Focal Epilepsy: Electroclinical Findings and Surgical Outcome}, abstract ={Background: Sleep Seizures (SSs) generally occur in refractory focal epilepsy, but their detailed characteristics and circadian patterns are still controversial. The effect of SSs on epilepsy surgery outcome has been addressed in few studies without definitive prognostic value.   Objectives: This study investigated the characteristics of SSs and their prognosis in refractory focal epilepsy. Materials & Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the referral epilepsy center in Isfahan, Iran from 2011 to 2015. It investigated SSs in patients with refractory focal epilepsy who underwent pre-operative evaluation. Demographic data, electroclinical findings, pathology, and postsurgical outcomes were analyzed and compared to Wake Seizures (WSs).  Before the main analysis, Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was performed. Then the Independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney U test and 1-way ANOVA were used to analyze the obtained data in SPSS. All probability tests were two-tailed and the level of significance was defined as P≤0.05. Results: A total of 371 seizures in 113 patients were studied. The sleep/wake seizure ratio in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) and Extratemporal Lobe Epilepsy (ETLE) were 0.54 and 0.91, respectively. The peak incidence of SSs in TLE and ETLE were during 4.00 to 8.00 and 0.00 to 4.00, respectively. SSs were considerably associated with EEG changes before clinical signs. Ictal EEG localization was more successful in SSs of extratemporal origin. Based on pathology findings, Focal Cortical Dysplasia (FCD) was highly associated with SSs. Left epileptogenic zone and FCD accompanied a less favorable outcome in SSs. Conclusion: SSs are significantly more frequent in patients with ETLE and follow specific circadian patterns based on epileptogenic zone. Seizure semiology and EEG findings are in favor of more localized onset of epileptic activity in SSs of extratemporal origin. The side of epileptogenic zone, circadian pattern of seizures, well-defined epileptogenic lesion in MRI and pathology, could affect postsurgical outcomes in SSs.}, Keywords = {Circadian rhythm, Sleep, Epilepsy}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {98-107}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.98}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-224-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Sedighi, Behnaz and Ghaseminejad, Amirkhosrou and Abna, Zohreh and Hassani, Baharnaz}, title = {Optical Coherence Tomography and Corpus Callosum Index in Cognitive Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis Patients}, abstract ={Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system. Different approaches have been developed to study MS progression and cognitive dysfunction as the major symptom of the disease. The current study compared Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Corpus Callosum Index (CCI) for the early evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in MS patients.  Objectives: The aim of this study is compare OCT with corpus callosum index (CCI) in early evaluation of cognitive dysfunction in MS patients. Materials & Methods: In this study, a total number of 30 patients with relapsing-remitting MS referring to outpatient clinic of Shafa Hospital (Kerman, Iran) were selected in 2016. CCI was assessed by MRI. The cognitive function of MS patients was evaluated by brief international cognitive assessment for MS and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured by OCT. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS, and the Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables. Results: In this study on MS patients of both sexes and different ages, there was no significant correlation between cognitive status and CCI (P=0.804). Among the group with impaired cognition, 81.8% of patients had abnormal OCT, and only 2 patients had normal OCT. Furthermore, our data showed a significant correlation between OCT and cognition (P=0.026).  Conclusion: According to this study, OCT is as useful method in the evaluation of axonal loss and predicting cognitive dysfunction in MS patients, compared to CCI or other measures.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Optic coherence tomography, Corpus callosum index, Cognitive function}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {108-113}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.108}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-220-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Fayyazi, Emad and Shaygannejad, Vahid and Maljaie, Mohammad Bagher and Mirmosayyeb, Omid and Badihian, Shervin and Moosavian, Seyedeh Paris}, title = {Association Between Sunlight Exposure and Vitamin D Intake and Multiple Sclerosis Disability and Progression}, abstract ={Background: Some studies on Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have suggested that adequate vitamin D intake can modulate the course of MS and decreases its incidence. However, there are limited studies with conflicting findings on the relation between MS severity, its course, and vitamin D intake.  Objectives: The current study aimed to compare vitamin D intake and sunlight exposure between MS phenotypes and evaluate their association with disability and fatigue in each phenotype. Materials & Methods: A total of 197 patients with MS were recruited from patients referring to MS clinic in Kashani Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Subjects were assessed for sunlight exposure, vitamin D intake, physical activity, and fatigue. SPSS was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 were set as significant. Results: According to the obtained results, expanded disability status scale and fatigue scale scores in Primary-Progressive MS (PPMS) and Secondary-Progressive MS (SPMS) groups were higher than RRMS group. In addition, patients in RRMS group had higher scores of sun exposure and physical activity, compared to SPMS and PPMS groups. We found a negative correlation between the scores of fatigue scale and sunlight exposure scale in RRMS patients. Conclusion: We found higher sunlight exposure in RRMS group and lower sunlight exposure in the PPMS group, while dietary vitamin D intake was not different between the groups. Further studies with larger sample sizes and stronger methodologies are required to evaluate our findings.}, Keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis, Sunlight, Vitamin D}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {114-120}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.114}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-219-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Rezaei, Sajjad and Montazar, Elham and Mousavi, Seyyed Valiollah and PoorabolghasemHosseini, Shim}, title = {Physical Activity and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population}, abstract ={Background: Old age is accompanied by impaired musculoskeletal and nervous system, which may result in low mobility and cognitive problems. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between Physical Activity (PA) and Cognitive Function (CF) among the elderly population. Objectives: ?? Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted on 200 old people who were members of retirement clubs in Mashhad City, Iran in 2017. They were selected using purposeful sampling method. To collect data, International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tools were employed. The Pearson correlation test and hierarchical regression analysis were used to determine the relationship and predictability of CF with PA, respectively after controlling intervening variable (age). Moreover, 1-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) analysis was used to examine difference between CF scores in different PA levels. Results: There was a positive and significant relationship between PA and CF in the elderly (r=0.63, P<0.0001). After controlling the age factor, PA was able to explain 42% of CF variance (F2,197=72.17, P<0.0001). Moreover, ANCOVA results indicated that cognitive impairment was higher in the elderly with low PA (F2,197=54.40, P<0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed that lower PA was associated with higher cognitive impairment and older people with moderate and high PA had better CF than elderly with low PA. Therefore, suitable physical activity should be planned for the elderly to improve their ability in performing cognitive tasks.}, Keywords = {Physical activity, Cognition, Frail elderly}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {121-127}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.121}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-237-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Ghayeghran, Amirreza and Hashemi, Seyed Tayebeh and Razzagh, Alireza and Salehi, Saedeh}, title = {The Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients With Migraine: A Cross-Sectional Study in Iran}, abstract ={Background: Headache is one of the most common medical complaints occur in all ages. Migraine is the second leading cause of headache and is associated with many other disorders, such as obesity and metabolic syndromes.  Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with migraine referring to the neurological clinic. Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on patients with migraine headache or history of migraine based on the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria referring to a neurology clinic in the north of Iran in 2016. The obtained data were entered in SPSS V. 22. The qualitative information were shown by average and standard deviation, also frequency and percentage were used to present nominal information. Results: A total of 360 qualified patients were studied. Their Mean±SD age was 33.25±10.64 years. About 31.1% of participants were female. A total of 31 patients (9.4% of all under study population) had diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with migraine was 9.4% which is close to what reported in normal population.}, Keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Migraine headache, Prevalence}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {128-133}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.128}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-235-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} } @article{ author = {Natsis, Konstantinos S. and Kyriazis, Odyssefs and Parissis, Dimitrios and Afrantou, Theodora and Angelou, Aristomenis and Ioannidis, Panagiotis}, title = {Acute Finger Paralysis: A Case Report of Cortical Ischemic Stroke}, abstract ={Somatotopic distribution of motor cortex and sensory fibers is theoretically fully understood. We present a case of stroke, mimicking peripheral palsy, with finger paralysis attributed to cortical lesion. The patient’s brain MRI may be useful to further understand the somatotopic representation of fingers in precentral and postcentral gyrus.}, Keywords = {Fingers, Paralysis, Ischemia, Infarction}, volume = {4}, Number = {3}, pages = {134-136}, publisher = {}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.29252/cjns.4.14.134}, url = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.html}, eprint = {http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-228-en.pdf}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences}, issn = {2383-4307}, eissn = {2423-4818}, year = {2018} }