per
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
39
48
article
The Role of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Self-Efficacy Beliefs on the Quality of Life of Patients With Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Zeinab Alijani Roudbaneh
1
Sajjad Rezaei
rezaei_psy@hotmail.com
2
Seyyed Vali-allah Mousavi
3
Hamid Heidary
4
Department of Psychology, Guilan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
MD, Guilan Road Trauma Research Center (GRTRC), Rasht, Iran
Background: Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and its post-traumatic stress remarkably influence the patients’ Quality of Life (QOL). Besides, some health determinants such as self-efficacy beliefs can change QOL of patients, too.
Objectives: To determine the role of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and self-efficacy beliefs on the QOL after traumatic SCI.
Materials & Methods: Out of 133 SCI patients studied from Spinal Cord Injury Center of Rasht City (North of Iran), 90 qualified for this cross-sectional study. A senior psychologist conducted structured interviews for 70 people at the center and another 20 patients at their homes, because of their inability to come to the center. Data collection instruments were researcher-made questionnaire containing both individual-social and lesion-related variables, post-traumatic stress scale for DSM-5, Sherer general self-efficacy questionnaire and the SCIQL-23 (Spinal Cord Injury Quality-of-Life-23) questionnaire (to assess the QOL in patients with SCI). The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS through the Pearson correlation coefficient, Independent student t test and hierarchical regression analysis (after adjusting confounding demographic factors).
Results: Correlation coefficients showed that the QOL of SCI patients decreases (P<0.0001) with an increase in symptoms of PTSD and improves (P<0.0001) with increasing self-efficacy beliefs. Hierarchical regression analysis also revealed that after removing the effect of the confounding variables (duration of lesion, gender, type of lesion, having a bedsore, catheter, nurse, diaper, wheelchair), signs of PTSD (F=7.38, P<0.0001) and self-efficacy beliefs (F=18.35, P<0.0001) significantly explained 66% of the total variance of SCIQL-23 scores.
Conclusion: The results of this research stresses on the prevention and treatment of PTSD and promoting self-efficacy beliefs in SCI patients in order to improve their QOL.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf
Quality of Life
Spinal cord injuries
Self-efficacy
Stress disorders
Post-traumatic
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
49
56
article
The Consistency and Construct Validity of Wolf Motor Function Test With Functional Variables and SF-36 Questionnaire in Iranian Stroke Patients
Kamran Ezzati
ez_kamran@yahoo.com
1
Mahyar Salavati
Mahyarsalavati@gmail.com
2
Iraj Abdollahi
ir.abdollahi@uswr.ac.ir
3
Hasan Shakeri
ha.shakeri@uswr.ac.ir
4
Kimia Esmaili
kimiaesmaili@gmail.com
5
Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Department of Physiotherapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Physiotherapist, Rasht, Iran
Background: One of the most important indicators for assessing the validity of a scale is the determination of the construct validity of that scale. Since no standard gold test exists to measure the upper limb function in patients with stroke, the study of the construct validity of the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT) is of particular importance.
Objectives: To evaluate the construct validity of the scores of the Persian version of the WMFT with functional variables, as well as to verify its convergence validity with the physical component summary of the SF-36 Health Survey, and its discriminant validity with the mental component summary of SF-36 Health Survey.
Materials & Methods: The tests were conducted on 56 patients with stroke, and the scores were calculated. By using this data, the construct validity of the Wolf scale and the convergence and discriminant validity of the scores derived from the Persian version of WMFT, and the physical and mental component summary of the SF-36 Health Survey were obtained.
Results: There was no significant correlation between the age and duration of the stroke in patients, and the total functional score and the median time of performing the tasks of the Persian version of WMFT (P>0.05). No significant difference was seen between the sexes in terms of the total score of performing tasks, but the median time of performing the tasks was significantly different between men and women (P=0.04). There was a moderate statistical correlation between the scores of the Persian version of WMFT and the physical component summary (r=0.60, P<0.001 and r²=0.74), and the mental component summary of SF-36 Health Survey (r=0.60, P<0.001 and r²=0.82).
Conclusion: The Persian version of WMFT has acceptable construct validity with functional variables and the overall score of the SF-36 questionnaire.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-159-en.pdf
Stroke
Validity
Quality of life
Function
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
57
63
article
Psychopathological Symptoms in Caregivers of Patients With Vegetative State
Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok
1
Mohammadreza Emamhadi
2
Babak Alijani
3
Marzieh Cheragh Sepehr
4
Naema Khodadadi- Hassankiadeh
n_khodadady@yahoo.com
5
Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Guilan, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Background: Taking care of patients in a vegetative state is a great challenge and affects the mental health of the caregivers.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine the psychopathological symptoms in caregivers of patients with Vegetative State (VS) and determine the demographic and social predictors of the common symptoms.
Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in an educational hospital in the north of Iran from 2012 to 2013. The psychopathological symptoms of 80 caregivers of VS patients were evaluated by Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. Results were analyzed using SPSS (Version 18) by the Mann-Whitney U test. Finally, the predictors of psychopathological symptoms were determined through a simple regression model.
Results: The highest scores of the psychological symptoms were of the depression subscale (2.88±0.86) and somatoform subscale (2.85±0.83). The psychopathological symptoms including somatoform (P=0.012), obsessive-compulsive (P=0.032), depression (P=0.035), anxiety (P=0.027), phobia (P=0.015), and paranoid ideations (P=0.027) were significantly higher in women than in men. However, there was no significant relationship between these symptoms and marital status. The simple regression model showed that none of the sociodemographic variables could predict psychopathological symptoms in the caregivers.
Conclusion: A significant number of caregivers had psychopathological symptoms, especially depression and somatoform complaints.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-144-en.pdf
Persistent vegetative state
Caregivers
Psychology
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
64
70
article
Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Pain Control in Multiple Sclerotic Women
Parisa Rezapour
rezapour.info@gmail.com
1
Ahmad Borjali
borjali@atu.ac.ir
2
Hamidreza Hatamian
3
Fatemeh Shafaei
4
Khadije Janalipour
khadijejanalipour@gmail.com
5
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Clinical Psychology, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Neuroscience Research Center, Poursina Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common chronic diseases of the central nervous system. This disease can deeply affect patient’s occupational and social activities. The goal of this psychological intervention is to help these people cope up correctly and efficiently with the challenges posed by this disease.
Objectives: This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in pain control in a group of women with multiple sclerosis.
Materials & Methods: The present controlled semi-experimental study was conducted on a statistical population of women with MS in the Sari MS society during 2014-2015. Eighteen subjects were selected using the convenience sampling and assigned to either control or the experimental group. The experimental group was treated by ACT for 8 weeks (weekly 2 hours). Before the treatment, just after the treatment completion and, after one and a half months of the follow-up period, the assessment was performed. Experimental group data collection tools comprised of the Nicholas’ Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). Statistical covariance tests were used to analyze the results in the SPSS software version 16.
Results: Pain control received the higher scores in the experimental group as compared to the controls (P<0.001, F(1, 11)=26.53). This finding remained true during the follow-up period (P<0.001, F(1, 11)=56.55).
Conclusion: The results confirmed the effectiveness of ACT in the pain control in women with MS, and this would help to broaden the horizon of the clinical interventions.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.pdf
Multiple Sclerosis
Pain
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
71
76
article
Prevalence of Tremors in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Isfahan, Iran
Mehri Salari
mehri.salari@gmail.com
1
Omid Mirmosayyeb
omid.mirmosayyeb@gmail.com
2
Masoud Etemadifar
etemadifar.1963@gmail.com
3
Hamidreza Hatamian
4
Zohre Rahimi
fasa775@yahoo.com
5
Hosein Delavar Kasmaei
h.dk59@yahoo.com
6
Sare Shahidi
fasa775.fs@gmail.com
7
Fateme Sabeti
sabetifateme@yahoo.com
8
Department of Neurology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Neurology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Neurology, Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system. Tremors are a common problem in the patients suffering from MS which is mostly observed in the arms but can also affect the other body parts. There have been few studies on tremors among the MS patients.
Objectives: This study is the first to report the prevalence of tremor in a group of MS patients in Iran. We have also reported the possible associations between the presence of tremor and different forms of ataxia.
Materials & Methods: This study was performed on a group of MS patients in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran. Patients were interviewed, and a neurologist carried out the neurological examinations, including the evaluation of the type of tremor with the help of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS); ataxia clinical scale for dysmetria, dysdiadochokinesia, dysarthria and gait ataxia. Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part 3.15 to 3.17 was also used for tremor classification. Tremor-related disability and handicap were scored by using Disability and Handicap Questionnaires.
Results: Out of the 164 patients, 113 had tremor (69%) of which 23 were males (20%), and 90 were females (80%). A strong correlation between tremor and ataxia was reported while there were no correlations between tremor and patient’s gender, type of MS or the first clinical presentation. Twenty-three of the 164 patients suffered from the incapacitating tremor and had serious problems doing certain tasks. We also reported tremor to greatly affect the daily activities.
Conclusion: The frequency of tremor in MS is relatively high. Strong correlation is between tremor and ataxia but not with the gender, the type of MS or the first clinical presentation. The tremor of MS greatly affected the activities of the daily living.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-201-en.pdf
Multiple Sclerosis
Tremor
Prevalence
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
77
82
article
The Effectiveness of Yoga Therapy in Increasing the Self-Efficacy of Women With MS
Khadije Janalipour
khadijejanalipour@gmail.com
1
Ali Essazadegan
2
Elham Jahanbin
3
Hamidreza Hatamian
4
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Associate Professor of Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
Department of Psychology, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Background: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is chronic and debilitating neurological disease which occurs between the ages of 20 and 40 years. Myelin degradation is common in certain areas such as the optic nerve, brain stem, and cerebellum, which causes problems such as imbalance, inability to perform daily tasks, and ultimately affects and reduces the self-efficacy of the affected individuals.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of yoga therapy in increasing the self-efficacy of women with MS living in Rasht, Iran.
Materials & Methods: This research is an applied experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population included MS female patients in Rasht City who were members of the MS Society up to 2016. A total of 30 people were selected randomly and divided into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received yoga therapy for 3 months. Two groups completed the Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy Scale (MSSS) before and after the intervention. All data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance (group factor analyzed with two levels of yoga therapy in a group and control manner, and time factor analyzed with three levels of pre-test, post-test and follow-up) in SPSS V. 21.
Results: Analysis of variance by measurement method and analysis of the variance of 2 in 3 mixture (group agent with two levels of yoga therapy in a group and control manner, and time factor with three levels of pre-test, post-test and follow-up) with a significant level of P<0.05 showed that yoga therapy is effective in increasing the self-efficacy of patients with MS.
Conclusion: Yoga therapy is effective in increasing the self-efficacy of MS patients and can be used as a supplementary therapy to improve condition of these patients and increase their self-efficacy.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-211-en.pdf
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Yoga therapy
Self-efficacy
eng
Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences
2383-4307
2423-4818
2018-04
4
2
83
90
article
Effects of Estrogen and Progesterone on Different Immune Cells Related to Multiple Sclerosis
Aryan Rafiee Zadeh
rafieezadeh.a@gmail.com
1
Keyvan Ghadimi
keyvanghadimi@yahoo.com
2
Banafsheh Mohammadi
banafsheh.mo1360@gmail.com
3
Hamidreza Hatamian
4
Seyed Navid Naghibi
navidnaghibi.neuro@gmail.com
5
Ali Danaeiniya
alidana_2010@yahoo.com
6
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
Gynecologist, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jondishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Kashani Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, Kashani Hospital, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran
MSc. in Physiology, Department of Biology, Isfahan Payam-e-Noor University, Isfahan, Iran
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of young adults with an unknown etiology, but cellular immune responses and inflammation has a pivotal role in this regard. The higher incidence of MS among women indicates the possible involvement of female sex hormones on the disease course. Progesterone and estrogen are the most important sexual hormones in women. They exert different immunomodulatory effects through both nuclear and membrane associated receptors present in different immune cells. The immunological effects include shifting the immune response towards Th2, stimulating Treg production, inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokine production, prohibiting cell migration into Central Nervous System (CNS), suppressing proinflammatory immune cells, stabilizing the neuronal environment, and promoting neuronal survival, all of which might ameliorate the condition in women suffering from MS. Some clinical trials have reported a correlation between the use of Oral Contraceptives (OCs), which contain estrogen and progesterone, and MS among women. Some of these studies show a positive effect of OC usage on the onset and severity of the disease while others have found no significant impact. In this review, we collected articles published between 1995 and 2017 from PubMed Central and Google Scholar for evaluating effects of estrogen and progesterone on different immune cells related to MS.
http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf
Multiple Sclerosis
Estrogen
Progesterone
Immune cells