1- Department of Computer Engineering, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.
2- Department of Control and System, Electrical and Computer Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Biomedical engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
Abstract: (959 Views)
Hippocampus is a part of the brain that has an essential role in memory and learning. It is involved
in many cognitive and behavioral phenomena, including the pattern separation process: the ability
to distinguish patterns with very high similarity. The present study compared the models of pattern
separation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and aimed to investigate the significant cells
and factors affecting pattern separation. In this review, we intend to describe the anatomy of the
dentate gyrus as a part of the hippocampus, which has an essential role in pattern separation. Other
adjacent neural populations are further addressed, too. Models of the dentate gyrus, including
neurocomputation and functional, that represent the process of separating patterns in the dentate
gyrus are reviewed and analyzed. In this regard, five major models were highlighted and compared
from several perspectives. While some models are based on the entorhinal cortex and dentate gyrus
regions, others point to the mediation of cornu ammonis (CA3) as well. Models with the lowest
cells for pattern separation are addressed first. Finally, inhibition is discussed in the comparison of
pattern separation models.
Full-Text [PDF 1447 kb]
(382 Downloads)
| |
Full-Text (HTML) (325 Views)
• Hippocampus has an essential role in memory, especially in episodic and spatial memory.
• The capability of distinguishing related episodes, the main feature of episodic memory, is called pattern separation
and is attributed to the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus.
• The essential participant cells in pattern separation are granule cells, mossy cells, interneurons, and hilar perforant
path-associated cells.
• Inhibition and neurogenesis have significant effects on pattern separation and its facilitation.
Type of Study:
Review |
Subject:
Special Received: 2022/09/14 | Accepted: 2022/09/28 | Published: 2022/09/28